Cholera rages in Africa and the Middle East: A narrative review on challenges and solutions.

Autor: Ahmed AK; Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt., Sijercic VC; North Central College Naperville Illinois USA., Akhtar MS; North Central College Naperville Illinois USA., Elbayomy A; Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt.; School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA., Marouf MA; Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt.; Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA., Zeleke MS; Menelik II Medical and Health Science College Kotebe Metropolitan University Addis Ababa Ethiopia., Sayad R; Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt., Abdelshafi A; Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt., Laird NJ; North Central College Naperville Illinois USA., El-Mokhtar MA; Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon., Ruthig GR; Department of Biology, North Central College Naperville Illinois USA., Hetta HF; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Health science reports [Health Sci Rep] 2024 May 12; Vol. 7 (5), pp. e2013. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 12 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2013
Abstrakt: Background and Aim: Cholera is a life-threatening infectious disease that is still one of the most common acute watery diarrheal diseases in the world today. Acute diarrhea and severe dehydration brought on by cholera can cause hypovolemic shock, which can be fatal in minutes. Without competent clinical therapy, the rate of case fatality surpasses 50%. The purpose of this review was to highlight cholera challenges in Africa and the Middle East and explain the reasons for why this region is currently a fertile environment for cholera. We investigated cholera serology, epidemiology, and the geographical distribution of cholera in Africa and the Middle East in 2022 and 2023. We reviewed detection methods, such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and treatments, such as antibiotics and phage therapy. Finally, this review explored oral cholera vaccines (OCVs), and the vaccine shortage crisis.
Methods: We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Embase, for studies on cholera using the following keywords: ((Cholera) OR (Vibrio cholera) and (Coronavirus) OR (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV2) OR (The Middle East) OR (Africa)).
Results and Conclusions: Cholera outbreaks have increased dramatically, mainly in Africa and many Middle Eastern countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the attention devoted to cholera and disrupted diagnosis and treatment services, as well as vaccination initiatives. Most of the cholera cases in Africa and the Middle East were reported in Malawi and Syria, respectively, in 2022. RDTs are effective in the early detection of cholera epidemics, especially with limited advanced resources, which is the case in much of Africa. By offering both direct and indirect protection, expanding the use of OCV will significantly reduce the burden of current cholera outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
(© 2024 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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