Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study.

Autor: Goldberg M; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: mandy.goldberg@nih.gov., Adgent MA; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Stevens DR; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Chin HB; Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA., Ferguson KK; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Calafat AM; Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA., Travlos G; Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Ford EG; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Stallings VA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Rogan WJ; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Umbach DM; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Baird DD; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA., Sandler DP; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 252 (Pt 4), pp. 119075. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 06.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119075
Abstrakt: Background: Exposure to phenols, endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in personal care and consumer products, is widespread. Data on infant exposures are limited despite heightened sensitivity to endocrine disruption during this developmental period. We aimed to describe distributions and predictors of urinary phenol concentrations among U.S. infants ages 6-12 weeks.
Methods: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study is a prospective cohort study of healthy term infants enrolled during 2010-2013 in the Philadelphia region. We measured concentrations of seven phenols in 352 urine samples collected during the 6- or 8- and/or 12-week study visits from 199 infants. We used linear mixed models to estimate associations of maternal, sociodemographic, infant, and sample characteristics with natural-log transformed, creatinine-standardized phenol concentrations and present results as mean percent change from the reference level.
Results: Median concentrations (μg/L) were 311 for methylparaben, 10.3 for propylparaben, 3.6 for benzophenone-3, 2.1 for triclosan, 1.0 for 2,5-dichlorophenol, 0.7 for BPA, and 0.3 for 2,4-dichlorophenol. Geometric mean methylparaben concentrations were approximately 10 times higher than published estimates for U.S. children ages 3-5 and 6-11 years, while propylparaben concentrations were 3-4 times higher. Infants of Black mothers had higher concentrations of BPA (83%), methylparaben (121%), propylparaben (218%), and 2,5-dichorophenol (287%) and lower concentrations of benzophenone-3 (-77%) and triclosan (-53%) than infants of White mothers. Triclosan concentrations were higher in breastfed infants (176%) and lower in infants whose mothers had a high school education or less (-62%). Phenol concentrations were generally higher in summer samples.
Conclusions: Widespread exposure to select environmental phenols among this cohort of healthy U.S. infants, including much higher paraben concentrations compared to those reported for U.S. children, supports the importance of expanding population-based biomonitoring programs to infants and toddlers. Future investigation of exposure sources is warranted to identify opportunities to minimize exposures during these sensitive periods of development.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Co-author serves as an Associate Editor for this journal - K.K.F. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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