Exploring cigarette butts pollution in Saint Martin Island: A marine protected area.

Autor: Howlader M; Environment and Resource Analysis Center Ltd., Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: masum.est15@gmail.com., Selim A; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu 3226, Nepal., Shohan MH; Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh., Shuvo SNA; SPEKTER GmbH, Herzogenaurach 91074, Germany., Al-Humaidi JY; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: jyalhamidi@pnu.edu.sa., Islam MM; Eutech Systems Limited, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh., Shaibur MR; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh., Althomali RH; Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia., Akter N; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh., Afrin S; WeVolve Limited, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh., Sultana T; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 411008, India., Singha SK; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh., Betto ZS; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh., Rahman MM; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Marine pollution bulletin [Mar Pollut Bull] 2024 Jun; Vol. 203, pp. 116439. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116439
Abstrakt: Saint Martin Island (SMI), the only coral island in Bangladesh, is located in the Bay of Bengal and has been identified as a marine protected area (MPA). Littering cigarette butts (CBs) waste in an ecologically sensitive environment can have numerous adverse effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the abundance and density of CBs in SMI and to assess the pollution status using the Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI). This study is conducted based on the visual survey method in the three types of land use zones of SMI. During the peak season, the investigation was carried out from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in December 2023. A total of 4481 CBs item were counted, and the density ranged from 0.37 to 1.76 m -2 with an average value of 0.99 m -2 across 12 sampling campaigns. The highest density was observed at service zones, and the fishing zones had the lowest density. The calculated CBPI values revealed that 75 % of the sampling stations were in the "severe pollution" while 25 % were classified as "high pollution" status, underscoring the prevalence of hazardous CBs across most areas of SMI. To tackle these issues requires regulatory measures, public awareness initiatives, and community involvement. Effective waste management and eco-friendly product promotion can help reduce CBs pollution risks in marine protected islands.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. I have read and understood the journal's policy on conflicts of interest and declare that the manuscript has complied with the policy.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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