The tick Ixodes scapularis has five different GPCRs specifically activated by ACP (adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide).

Autor: Hauser F; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: fhauser@bio.ku.dk., Stebegg M; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Al-Ribaty T; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Petersen LB; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Møller M; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Drag MH; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Sigurdsson HH; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Vilhelm MJ; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Thygesen G; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Grimmelikhuijzen CJP; Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biochemical and biophysical research communications [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] 2024 Jul 12; Vol. 717, pp. 149992. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149992
Abstrakt: Insects have about 50 neuropeptide genes and about 70 genes, coding for neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). An important, but small family of evolutionarily related insect neuropeptides consists of adipokinetic hormone (AKH), corazonin, and AKH/corazonin-related peptide (ACP). Normally, insects have one specific GPCR for each of these neuropeptides. The tick Ixodes scapularis is not an insect, but belongs to the subphylum Chelicerata, which comprises ticks, scorpions, mites, spiders, and horseshoe crabs. Many of the neuropeptides and neuropeptide GPCRs occurring in insects, also occur in chelicerates, illustrating that insects and chelicerates are evolutionarily closely related. The tick I. scapularis is an ectoparasite and health risk for humans, because it infects its human host with dangerous pathogens during a blood meal. Understanding the biology of ticks will help researchers to prevent tick-borne diseases. By annotating the I. scapularis genome sequence, we previously found that ticks contain as many as five genes, coding for presumed ACP receptors. In the current paper, we cloned these receptors and expressed each of them in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Each expressed receptor was activated by nanomolar concentrations of ACP, demonstrating that all five receptors were functional ACP receptors. Phylogenetic tree analyses showed that the cloned tick ACP receptors were mostly related to insect ACP receptors and, next, to insect AKH receptors, suggesting that ACP receptor genes and AKH receptor genes originated by gene duplications from a common ancestor. Similar duplications have probably occurred for the ligand genes, during a process of ligand/receptor co-evolution. Interestingly, chelicerates, in contrast to all other arthropods, do not have AKH or AKH receptor genes. Therefore, the ancestor of chelicerates might have lost AKH and AKH receptor genes and functionally replaced them by ACP and ACP receptor genes. For the small family of AKH, ACP, and corazonin receptors and their ligands, gene losses and gene gains occur frequently between the various ecdysozoan clades. Tardigrades, for example, which are well known for their survival in extreme environments, have as many as ten corazonin receptor genes and six corazonin peptide genes, while insects only have one of each, or none.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Cornelis Grimmelikhuijzen reports financial support was provided by Carlsberg Foundation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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