| Autor: |
Nguyen H; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Lin C; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Bell K; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Huang A; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Hannum M; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Ramirez V; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Christensen C; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Rawson NE; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Colquitt L; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Domanico P; Clinton Health Access Initiative, New York, NY, USA., Sasimovich I; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Herriman R; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA., Joseph P; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda MD, USA., Braimah O; Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK., Reed DR; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
The bitter taste of medicines hinders patient compliance, but not everyone experiences these difficulties because people worldwide differ in their bitterness perception. To better understand how people from diverse ancestries perceive medicines and taste modifiers, 338 adults, European and recent US and Canada immigrants from Asia, South Asia, and Africa, rated the bitterness intensity of taste solutions on a 100-point generalized visual analog scale and provided a saliva sample for genotyping. The taste solutions were five medicines, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), moxifloxacin, praziquantel, amodiaquine, and propylthiouracil (PROP), and four other solutions, TAF mixed with sucralose (sweet, reduces bitterness) or 6-methylflavone (tasteless, reduces bitterness), sucralose alone, and sodium chloride alone. Bitterness ratings differed by ancestry for two of the five drugs (amodiaquine and PROP) and for TAF mixed with sucralose. Genetic analysis showed that people with variants in one bitter receptor variant gene ( TAS2R 38) reported PROP was more bitter than did those with a different variant (p= 7.6e-19) and that people with either an RIMS2 or a THSD4 genotype found sucralose more bitter than did others (p=2.6e-8, p=7.9e-11, resp.). Our findings may help guide the formulation of bad-tasting medicines to meet the needs of those most sensitive to them. |
