Comparative genomics of Ascetosporea gives new insight into the evolutionary basis for animal parasitism in Rhizaria.

Autor: Hiltunen Thorén M; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden. markus.hiltunen@su.se.; Present Address: Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius V. 20 A, Stockholm, SE-114 18, Sweden. markus.hiltunen@su.se.; Present Address: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, SE-114 18, Sweden. markus.hiltunen@su.se., Onuț-Brännström I; Present Address: Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden.; Present Address: Natural History Museum, Oslo University, Oslo, 0562, Norway., Alfjorden A; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden., Pecková H; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic., Swords F; Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, H91R673, Ireland., Hooper C; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK., Holzer AS; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.; Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria., Bass D; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.; Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, SW7 5BD, UK., Burki F; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden. fabien.burki@ebc.uu.se.; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. fabien.burki@ebc.uu.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC biology [BMC Biol] 2024 May 03; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 103. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 03.
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01898-x
Abstrakt: Background: Ascetosporea (Endomyxa, Rhizaria) is a group of unicellular parasites infecting aquatic invertebrates. They are increasingly being recognized as widespread and important in marine environments, causing large annual losses in invertebrate aquaculture. Despite their importance, little molecular data of Ascetosporea exist, with only two genome assemblies published to date. Accordingly, the evolutionary origin of these parasites is unclear, including their phylogenetic position and the genomic adaptations that accompanied the transition from a free-living lifestyle to parasitism. Here, we sequenced and assembled three new ascetosporean genomes, as well as the genome of a closely related amphizoic species, to investigate the phylogeny, origin, and genomic adaptations to parasitism in Ascetosporea.
Results: Using a phylogenomic approach, we confirm the monophyly of Ascetosporea and show that Paramyxida group with Mikrocytida, with Haplosporida being sister to both groups. We report that the genomes of these parasites are relatively small (12-36 Mb) and gene-sparse (~ 2300-5200 genes), while containing surprisingly high amounts of non-coding sequence (~ 70-90% of the genomes). Performing gene-tree aware ancestral reconstruction of gene families, we demonstrate extensive gene losses at the origin of parasitism in Ascetosporea, primarily of metabolic functions, and little gene gain except on terminal branches. Finally, we highlight some functional gene classes that have undergone expansions during evolution of the group.
Conclusions: We present important new genomic information from a lineage of enigmatic but important parasites of invertebrates and illuminate some of the genomic innovations accompanying the evolutionary transition to parasitism in this lineage. Our results and data provide a genetic basis for the development of control measures against these parasites.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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