High parasite diversity maintained after an alga-virus coevolutionary arms race.

Autor:	Lievens EJP; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Kühn S; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Horas EL; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Le Pennec G; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland., Peter S; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Petrosky AD; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Künzel S; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany., Feulner PGD; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.; Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Becks L; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of evolutionary biology [J Evol Biol] 2024 Jul 10; Vol. 37 (7), pp. 795-806.
DOI:	10.1093/jeb/voae053
Abstrakt:	Arms race dynamics are a common outcome of host-parasite coevolution. While they can theoretically be maintained indefinitely, realistic arms races are expected to be finite. Once an arms race has ended, for example due to the evolution of a generalist-resistant host, the system may transition into coevolutionary dynamics that favour long-term diversity. In microbial experiments, host-parasite arms races often transition into a stable coexistence of generalist-resistant hosts, (semi-)susceptible hosts, and parasites. While long-term host diversity is implicit in these cases, parasite diversity is usually overlooked. In this study, we examined parasite diversity after the end of an experimental arms race between a unicellular alga (Chlorella variabilis) and its lytic virus (PBCV-1). First, we isolated virus genotypes from multiple time points from two replicate microcosms. A time-shift experiment confirmed that the virus isolates had escalating host ranges, i.e., that arms races had occurred. We then examined the phenotypic and genetic diversity of virus isolates from the post-arms race phase. Post-arms race virus isolates had diverse host ranges, survival probabilities, and growth rates; they also clustered into distinct genetic groups. Importantly, host range diversity was maintained throughout the post-arms race phase, and the frequency of host range phenotypes fluctuated over time. We hypothesize that this dynamic polymorphism was maintained by a combination of fluctuating selection and demographic stochasticity. Together with previous work in prokaryotic systems, our results link experimental observations of arms races to natural observations of long-term host and parasite diversity. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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