COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children.

Autor:	Tang Y; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Boribong BP; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Swank ZN; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Demokritou M; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Luban MAF; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Fasano A; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Du M; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Wolf RL; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Griffiths J; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Shultz J; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Borberg E; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Chalise S; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Gonzalez WI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Walt DR; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Yonker LM; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA., Horwitz BH; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2024 Apr 16. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16.
DOI:	10.1101/2024.04.15.24305767
Abstrakt:	Background: Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including mucosal IgA, could be of potential benefit to vaccine efficacy, yet limited evidence exists regarding the production of mucosal antibodies following the administration of current mRNA vaccines to young children. Methods: We measured the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from a cohort of children under 5 years of age undergoing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (serially collected, matched serum and saliva samples, N=116) or on convenience samples of children under 5 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department (nasal swabs, N=103). Further, we assessed salivary and nasal samples for the ability to induce SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. Results: Longitudinal analysis of post-vaccine responses in saliva revealed the induction of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG but not IgA. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA was only observed in nasal samples obtained from previously infected children with or without vaccination, but not in vaccinated children without a history of infection. In addition, oronasopharyngeal samples obtained from children with prior infection were able to trigger enhanced spike-mediated NET formation, and IgA played a key role in driving this process. Conclusions: Despite the induction of specific IgG in the oronasal mucosa, current intramuscular vaccines have limited ability to generate mucosal IgA in young children. These results confirm the independence of mucosal IgA responses from systemic humoral responses following mRNA vaccination and suggest potential future vaccination strategies for enhancing mucosal protection in this young age group. Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST David Walt has a financial interest in Quanterix Corporation, a company that develops an ultra-sensitive digital immunoassay platform. He is an inventor of the Simoa technology, a founder of the company, and also serves on its Board of Directors. Dr. Walt’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Partners Healthcare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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