Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions or Exposure to Immunomodulatory Medications.

Autor:	Tang A; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Yoshida K; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Lahey H; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Wilcox DR; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Guan H; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Costenbader K; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Solomon D; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Miyawaki EK; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital., Bhattacharyya S; From the Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity (K.Y., H.G., K.C., D.S.), and Department of Neurology (A.T., D.R.W., E.K.M., S.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University (H.L.), North Haven, CT; and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division (D.R.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Neurology [Neurology] 2024 May; Vol. 102 (10), pp. e209297. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 02.
DOI:	10.1212/WNL.0000000000209297
Abstrakt:	Background and Objectives: Among infectious etiologies of encephalitis, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is most common, accounting for ∼15%-40% of adult encephalitis diagnoses. We aim to investigate the association between immune status and HSV encephalitis (HSVE). Using a US Medicaid database of 75.6 million persons, we evaluated the association between HSVE and autoimmune conditions, exposure to immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications, and other medical comorbidities. Methods: We used the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract data between 2007 and 2010 from the 29 most populated American states. We first examined the crude incidence of HSVE in the population. We then age and sex-matched adult cases of HSVE with a sufficient enrollment period (12 months before HSVE diagnosis) to a larger control population without HSVE. In a case-control analysis, we examined the association between HSVE and exposure to both autoimmune disease and immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medications. Analyses were conducted with conditional logistic regression progressively adjusting for sociodemographic factors, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and non-autoimmune comorbidities. Results: Incidence of HSVE was ∼3.01 per 10 5 person-years among adults. A total of 951 HSVE cases and 95,100 age and sex-matched controls were compared. The HSVE population had higher rates of medical comorbidities than the control population. The association of HSVE and autoimmune conditions was strong (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.6; 95% CI 2.2-3.2). The association of HSVE and immunomodulating medications had an OR of 2.2 (CI 1.9-2.6), also after covariate adjustment. When both exposures were included in regression models, the associations remained robust: OR 2.3 (CI 1.9-2.7) for autoimmune disease and 2.0 (CI 1.7-2.3) for immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications. Discussion: In a large, national population, HSVE is strongly associated with preexisting autoimmune disease and exposure to immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications. The role of antecedent immune-related dysregulation may have been underestimated to date.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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