Towards a better diagnosis of mouth breathing: validity and reliability of a protocol for assessing the awake breathing pattern in preschool children.

Autor:	Warnier M; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Research Unit for a life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Piron L; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Research Unit for a life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Morsomme D; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Research Unit for a life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Maillart C; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Research Unit for a life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	CoDAS [Codas] 2024 Apr 29; Vol. 36 (3), pp. e20220330. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 29 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1590/2317-1782/20242022330en
Abstrakt:	Purpose: The Awake Breathing Pattern Assessment (ABPA) is a prototypical clinical grid recently designed through an international consensus of Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) to categorize the awake and habitual breathing pattern during the orofacial myofunctional assessment. This cross-sectional study aims to explore the psychometric properties of the ABPA in a preschool population. Methods: 133 children from 2;11 to 6 years old were assessed with the ABPA. The percentage of time spent breathing through the mouth was objectively measured by a CO2 sensor and used as a baseline measurement. We first performed a multivariate Latent Profile Analysis based on the CO2 measurement and a parental questionnaire to define the number of categories that best characterize the breathing pattern. Subsequently, we assessed the intra- and inter-rater reliability, internal consistency criterion validity, construct validity and sensitivity and specificity. Results: The awake breathing pattern can best be described by two groups: nasal and mouth breathing. The ABPA, initially designed in three groups, was adjusted accordingly. This final version showed excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. There was a significant correlation between the ABPA and the CO2 measurement. The ABPA showed a fair sensitivity and a good specificity. Conclusion: The reference tool based on CO2 data was used in children for the first time and was found to be reliable. The ABPA is a suitable tool for SLPs to confirm the diagnosis of mouth breathing in preschool children if more sensitive screening tools, like parental questionnaires, are used beforehand.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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