A Novel Cryogenic Approach to 3D Printing Cytocompatible, Conductive, Hydrogel-Based Inks.

Autor:	Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri A; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Fay C; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.; SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Nattestad A; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.; School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia., Ryder G; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Sayyar S; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.; Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Yue Z; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Liu X; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Officer DL; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Wallace GG; Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.; Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	3D printing and additive manufacturing [3D Print Addit Manuf] 2024 Apr 01; Vol. 11 (2), pp. 447-459. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16.
DOI:	10.1089/3dp.2022.0169
Abstrakt:	In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, developing cytocompatible 3D conductive scaffolds that mimic the native extracellular matrix is crucial for the engineering of excitable cells and tissues. In this study, a custom cryogenic extrusion 3D printer was developed, which afforded control over both the ink and printing surface temperatures. Using this approach, aqueous inks were printed into well-defined layers with high precision. A conductive hydrogel ink was developed from chitosan (CS) and edge-functionalised expanded graphene (EFXG). Different EFXG:CS ratios (between 60:40 and 80:20) were evaluated to determine both conductivity and printability. Using the novel customized cryogenic 3D printer, conductive structures of between 2 and 20 layers were produced, with feature sizes as small as 200 μm. The printed structures are mechanically robust and are electrically conducting. The highest Young's modulus and conductivity in a hydrated state were 2.6 MPa and ∼45 S/m, respectively. Cytocompatibility experiments reveal that the developed material supports NSC-34 mouse motor neuron-like cells in terms of viability, attachment, and proliferation. The distinctive mechanical and electrical properties of the 3D-printed structures would make them good candidates for the engineering of 3D-structured excitable cells. Moreover, this novel printing setup can be used to print other hydrogel-based inks with high precision and resolution. Competing Interests: No competing financial interests exist. (Copyright 2024, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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