Assessing the effect of soil cultivation methods and genotypes on crop yield components, yield and soil properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system.

Autor: Saini A; Department of Agronomy, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, HP, 173101, India. ankitsaini9777@gmail.com.; Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India. ankitsaini9777@gmail.com., Manuja S; Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India., Upadhyay RG; Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural farming, College of Agriculture CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India., Manhas S; Department of Agronomy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India. manhasshilpa8@gmail.com., Sahoo C; Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thrissur, 680656, India., Singh G; Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India., Sharma RP; Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India., Johnson R; Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India., Joel JM; Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India., Puthur JT; Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India., Imran M; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan., Fayezizadeh MR; Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 61357-43311, Iran. rfayezi@yahoo.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC plant biology [BMC Plant Biol] 2024 Apr 29; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 349. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 29.
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05001-y
Abstrakt: Background: The rice-wheat cropping system is the prevailing agricultural method in the North-Western states of India, namely in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The practice of open burning of rice residue is frequently employed for expedient land preparation, but it has significant adverse impacts on both the environment and human health. These include the emission of greenhouse gases, loss of nutrients, elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM), and disruption of the biological cycle. This research aims to investigate the implementation of effective management strategies in the rice-wheat cropping system, namely via the use of tillage-based crop cultivation techniques, stubble retention, and integration approaches. The objective is to enhance soil health features in order to augment crop yield and improve its attributes.
Results: The research was carried out using a split plot experimental design, consisting of three replications. The main plot consisted of four different cultivation methods, while the subplot included three genotypes of both rice and wheat. The research demonstrates the enhanced efficacy of residue application is significantly augmenting soil nutrient concentrations compared to standard tillage practices (P < 0.05). This was accomplished by an analysis of soil nutrient levels, namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic carbon (OC), at a depth of 0-15 cm. The implementation of natural farming, zero tillage, and reduced tillage practices resulted in decreases in rice grain yields of 34.0%, 16.1%, and 10.8%, respectively, as compared to conventional tillage methods. Similarly, the implementation of natural farming, zero tillage, and reduced tillage resulted in reductions in wheat grain yields of 59.4%, 10.9%, and 4.6% respectively, in comparison to conventional tillage practices.
Conclusion: Regarding the individual crop genotypes investigated, it was continuously observed that Him Palam Lal Dhan 1 and HPW 368 displayed considerably greater grain yields for both rice and wheat during the two-year experimental period. Furthermore, when considering different cultivation methods, conventional tillage emerged as the most effective approach for obtaining higher productivity in both rice and wheat. Additionally, Him Palam Lal Dhan 1 and HPW 368 exhibited superior performance in terms of various crucial yield components for rice (such as panicle density, grains per panicle, panicle weight, and test weight) and wheat (including effective tiller density, grains per spike, spike weight, and 1000-grain weight).
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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