The Evolution of the Optimization of Cognitive and Social Functions in the Cerebellum and Thereby the Rise of Homo sapiens Through Cumulative Culture.

Autor: Vandervert L; American Nonlinear Systems, Spokane, Washigton, USA. lvanderverl@aol.com., Manto M; Cerebellar Ataxias Unit, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium., Adamaszek M; Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Bavaria Hospital, Kreischa, Germany., Ferrari C; Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy., Ciricugno A; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Cattaneo Z; Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Milan, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cerebellum (London, England) [Cerebellum] 2024 Oct; Vol. 23 (5), pp. 1981-1992. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 27.
DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01692-z
Abstrakt: The evolution of the prominent role of the cerebellum in the development of composite tools, and cumulative culture, leading to the rise of Homo sapiens is examined. Following Stout and Hecht's (2017) detailed description of stone-tool making, eight key repetitive involvements of the cerebellum are highlighted. These key cerebellar learning involvements include the following: (1) optimization of cognitive-social control, (2) prediction (3) focus of attention, (4) automaticity of smoothness, appropriateness, and speed of movement and cognition, (5) refined movement and social cognition, (6) learns models of extended practice, (7) learns models of Theory of Mind (ToM) of teachers, (8) is predominant in acquisition of novel behavior and cognition that accrues from the blending of cerebellar models sent to conscious working memory in the cerebral cortex. Within this context, the evolution of generalization and blending of cerebellar internal models toward optimization of social-cognitive learning is described. It is concluded that (1) repetition of movement and social cognition involving the optimization of internal models in the cerebellum during stone-tool making was the key selection factor toward social-cognitive and technological advancement, (2) observational learning during stone-tool making was the basis for both technological and social-cognitive evolution and, through an optimizing positive feedback loop between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, the development of cumulative culture occurred, and (3) the generalization and blending of cerebellar internal models related to the unconscious forward control of the optimization of imagined future states in working memory was the most important brain adaptation leading to intertwined advances in stone-tool technology, cognitive-social processes behind cumulative culture (including the emergence of language and art) and, thereby, with the rise of Homo sapiens.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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