| Autor: |
Kamvuma K; HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia., Hamooya BM; HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia., Munsaka S; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O Box 50110, Zambia., Masenga SK; HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia.; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA., Kirabo A; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Chronic anemia is more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to the general population. The mechanisms that drive chronic anemia in HIV are multifaceted and include functional impairment of hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulation of erythropoietin production, and persistent immune activation. Chronic inflammation from HIV infection adversely affects erythropoiesis, erythrocyte lifespan, and erythropoietin response, leading to a heightened risk of co-infections such as tuberculosis, persistent severe anemia, and increased mortality. Additionally, chronic anemia exacerbates the progression of HIV-associated nephrotoxicity and contributes to cardiovascular risk through immune activation and inflammation. This review highlights the cardinal role of chronic inflammation as a link connecting persistent anemia and cardiovascular complications in PLWH, emphasizing the need for a universal understanding of these interconnected pathways for targeted interventions. |
