| Autor: |
Talapko J; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Talapko D; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Katalinić D; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Kotris I; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia., Erić I; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Belić D; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Vasilj Mihaljević M; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Health Center Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia., Vasilj A; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Health Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Erić S; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Flam J; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Bekić S; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.; Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Matić S; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia., Škrlec I; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct "capture" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. |
