Biochemical and biological characterization of the venoms of Naja kaouthia and Naja mandalayensis from Myanmar and neutralization effects of BPI cobra antivenom.

Autor: Win MN; Myanma Pharmaceutical Enterprise, Yangon, Myanmar., Yee KT; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Htwe KM; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Thin EE; University of Pharmacy, Mandalay, Myanmar., Win SM; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Kyaw AM; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Aye MM; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Khaing KK; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Thwe WM; Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar., Htwe KK; Myanma Pharmaceutical Enterprise, Yangon, Myanmar., Zaw A; Myanma Pharmaceutical Enterprise, Yangon, Myanmar.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Toxicon: X [Toxicon X] 2024 Apr 03; Vol. 22, pp. 100196. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 03 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100196
Abstrakt: Snakebite is a neglected public health issue, with many scientific and medical issues to be solved. Cobras are among the most common venomous snakes in Myanmar and are responsible for a considerable number of severe snakebite envenoming. There are three species of cobra ( Naja kaouthia , Naja mandalayensis and Ophiophagus hannah ) in Myanmar. The study aims to characterize the N. kaouthia and N. mandalayensis venoms and to investigate the efficacy of anti-cobra antivenom (BPI) against the two venoms. Protein components and fibrinogenolytic activity were determined by SDS-PAGE. Enzymatic activities for PLA 2 , protease and acetylcholinesterase were determined by spectrophotometric method. Anticoagulant activity was determined by recalcification time of citrated human plasma. Myotoxicity, necrotizing activity, median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and median effective dose (ED 50 ) were determined by WHO recommended methods. The SDS-PAGE displayed the proteins and enzymes containing in two venoms were different. N. kaouthia venom exhibited more in PLA 2 , acetylcholinesterase, anticoagulant, fibrinogenolytic and necrotizing activities than N. mandalayensis venom. N. mandalayensis venom had more protease activity and myotoxicity than N. kaouthia venom. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of N. kaouthia and N. mandalayensis venom was 4.33 μg/mouse and 5.04 μg/mouse respectively. Both venoms induced fibrinogen Aα chain degradation in 30 min ( N. kaouthia ) and in 6 h ( N. mandalayensis ). The same median effective dose (ED 50 ) (19.56 μg/mouse) showed that anti-NK antivenom can neutralize against lethal effect of N. mandalayensis venom. It can also neutralize the protease activity, anticoagulant activity and fibrinogenolytic activity of both venoms. Immunodiffusion and immunoblotting studies showed that the antivenom recognized its homologous venom ( N. kaouthia ) and cross-reacted against the heterologous venom ( N. mandalayensis ). The anti-NK antivenom is suitable to use for N. mandalayensis bite if monospecific antivenom is not available.
Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mya Nila Win reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100009647Ministry of Health, Myanmar.
(© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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