Childhood parental bonding and depression in adulthood: A study of mothers in rural Pakistan.

Autor: Frost A; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America. Electronic address: allisonfrost@unc.edu., Hagaman A; Social Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, United States of America., Bibi A; Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan., Bhalotra S; Department of Economics, University of Warwick, UK., Chung EO; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America., Haight SC; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America., Sikander S; Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK., Maselko J; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 356, pp. 715-721. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.090
Abstrakt: Background: Parent-child relationship quality can have long-term impacts on child mental health into adulthood. The impact of parental behaviors on the future mental health of children has been understudied in South Asia, where parenting approaches differ from the dominant western approaches often represented in the literature.
Methods: Mothers in rural Pakistan (N = 828) reported on their own mothers' parenting behaviors using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The PBI includes scales for warmth (care scale) and over-control (protection scale), as well as subscales for behavioral control and psychological control. We used structural equation modeling to test the associations between depression and all PBI scales/subscales.
Results: Increased parental care was associated with lower probability of depression (B = -0.19, SE = 0.09). Parental protection was associated with higher probability of depression (B = 0.25, SE = 0.11). Among the protection subscales, behavioral control was associated with increased risk of depression (B = 0.24, 95 % SE = 0.11) and psychological control was associated with decreased risk of depression (B = -0.28, SE = 0.12).
Limitations: This cross-sectional study used retrospective self-reports of parenting experiences. Participants only reported on their mothers, not fathers or other caregivers.
Conclusions: In a rural Pakistani sample, maternal warmth was protective against adulthood depression. The association between maternal control and depression varied based on the type of control (behavioral or psychological), emphasizing the importance of nuanced measures of parental control in this context.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: