The effect of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers.

Autor:	Goyal G; ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India., Majumdar S; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata, India., Biswas Bose U; ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India., Shrivastava MR; ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India., Mukherjee JJ; Apollo Hospital, Kolkata, India., Banka SP; ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India., Kapoor S; ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India., Jude E; Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton under Lyne, UK.; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The international journal of lower extremity wounds [Int J Low Extrem Wounds] 2024 Apr 24, pp. 15347346241237284. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 24.
DOI:	10.1177/15347346241237284
Abstrakt:	Aims: COVID-19 pandemic has massively impacted human health. We studied the effect of COVID-19 on outcome of Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Objectives and Methods: We recruited 483 people with DFUs from June 2020 to April 2022 (pandemic) together with a matched group of 226 people with DFU from March 2019 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic). Primary endpoint was outcome of ulcers-healed or amputation (major/minor). It was sub-analysed into 3 waves of COVID-19. Secondary endpoint was healing of individual types of DFUs. Basic anthropometric data included site and type of ulcer (ischemic or neuropathic), duration, presence or absence of infection and Wagner's grading of DFUs was collected for all patients. Diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy was done by monofilament testing and peripheral arterial disease by handheld Doppler and ankle brachial index (ABI). Standardized treatment protocol was provided. All patients were monitored for 6 months. Results: In the pandemic group 323 (66.9%) patients in whom ulcers healed, 70 (14.5%) underwent minor amputation, 11 (2.2%) major amputation, 29 (6%) were lost to follow up, 22 (4.6%) were not healed. Rate of healing of DFU was higher (66.9% vs 53.5%) and rate of amputation was lower (16.7% vs 23.4%) in the pandemic group than in the pre-pandemic group (P = 0.001 and 0.037 respectively). Rate of healing in first, second and third wave was 65.4%, 75.2%, 58.3% respectively (P = 0.001). Neuropathic ulcers though less prevalent (49.8% vs 57.8%) in the first two waves than in the third wave, healing was better (79.3% vs 75.6%) in the first two waves than in the third wave (P = 0.085 and 0.488 respectively). Similarly, amputation rates in ischemic and neuro-ischemic ulcers were greater in the third wave than first two waves (46.7% vs 15.7%, P = 0.049). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healing of neuropathic ulcers was better, especially in the first and second waves and travel restriction may have accounted for this. However, worsening of ischemic and neuro-ischemic ulcers was observed with more amputation in these two groups. Conversely, in the third wave withdrawal of lockdown led to worsening of DFUs resulting in less healing and more amputation. Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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