Microscopy detection and molecular characterisation of Giardia duodenalis infection in outpatients seeking medical care in Egypt.

Autor:	Elmahallawy EK; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain., Gareh A; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt., Ghallab MMI; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt., Köster PC; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain.; Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.; Faculty of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain., Dashti A; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain., Aboelsoued D; Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt., Toaleb NI; Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt., Alzaylaee H; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Gonzálvez M; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain., Saleh AA; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., Alhegaili AS; Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia., Eldehn AF; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Hernández-Castro C; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain.; Parasitology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Corporation for the Study of Tropical Pathologies, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia., Bailo B; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain., González-Barrio D; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain., Carmena D; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain.; Centre for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases (CIBER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2024 Apr 05; Vol. 12, pp. 1377123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 05 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377123
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Giardiosis remains one of the most prevalent enteric parasitic infections globally. Earlier molecular-based studies conducted in Egypt have primarily focused on paediatric clinical populations and most were based on single genotyping markers. As a result, there is limited information on the frequency and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis infections in individuals of all age groups. Methods: Individual stool samples ( n  = 460) from outpatients seeking medical care were collected during January-December 2021 in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, northern Egypt. Initial screening for the presence of G. duodenalis was conducted by coprological examination. Microscopy-positive samples were further confirmed by real-time PCR. A multilocus sequence typing approach targeted amplification of the glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh ), beta- giardin ( bg ), and triose phosphate isomerase ( tpi ) genes was used for genotyping purposes. A standardised epidemiological questionnaire was used to gather basic sociodemographic and clinical features of the recruited patients. Results: Giardia duodenalis cysts were observed in 5.4% (25/460, 95% CI: 3.6-7.9) of the stool samples examined by conventional microscopy. The infection was more frequent in children under the age of 10 years and in individuals presenting with diarrhoea but without reaching statistical significance. Stool samples collected during the winter period were more likely to harbour G. duodenalis . All 25 microscopy-positive samples were confirmed by real-time PCR, but genotyping data was only available for 56.0% (14/25) of the isolates. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (78.6%, 11/14) and B (21.4%, 3/14). All assemblage A isolates were identified as sub-assemblage AII, whereas the three assemblage B sequences belonged to the sub-assemblage BIII. Patients with giardiosis presenting with diarrhoea were more frequently infected by the assemblage A of the parasite. Conclusion: This is one of the largest epidemiological studies evaluating G. duodenalis infection in individuals of all age groups in Egypt. Our molecular data suggest that G. duodenalis infections in the surveyed population are primarily of anthropic origin. However, because assemblages A and B are zoonotic, some of the infections identified can have an animal origin. Additional investigations targeting animal (domestic and free-living) and environmental (water) samples are warranted to better understand the epidemiology of giardiosis in Egypt. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Elmahallawy, Gareh, Ghallab, Köster, Dashti, Aboelsoued, Toaleb, Alzaylaee, Gonzálvez, Saleh, Alhegaili, Eldehn, Hernández-Castro, Bailo, González-Barrio and Carmena.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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