Impaired language in Alzheimer's disease: A comparison between English and Persian implicates content-word frequency rather than the noun-verb distinction.

Autor:	Sanati M; Abrar Institute of Higher Education., Bayat S; Azad University Science and Research Branch., Panahi MM; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies., Khodadadi A; Mashhad University of Medical Science., Rezaee S; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences., Ghasimi M; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences., Besharat S; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences., Fooladi ZM; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences., Dooghaee MA; Abrar Institute of Higher Education.; Azad University Science and Research Branch.; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies.; Mashhad University of Medical Science.; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.; Princeton University., Taheri MS; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences., Dickerson BC; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School., Goldberg A; Princeton University., Rezaii N; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2024 Apr 10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 10.
DOI:	10.1101/2024.04.09.24305534
Abstrakt:	This study challenges the conventional psycholinguistic view that the distinction between nouns and verbs is pivotal in understanding language impairments in neurological disorders. Traditional views link frontal brain region damage with verb processing deficits and posterior temporoparietal damage with noun difficulties. However, this perspective is contested by findings from patients with Alzheimer's disease (pwAD), who show impairments in both word classes despite their typical temporoparietal atrophy. Notably, pwAD tend to use semantically lighter verbs in their speech than healthy individuals. By examining English-speaking pwAD and comparing them with Persian-speaking pwAD, this research aims to demonstrate that language impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) stem from the distributional properties of words within a language rather than distinct neural processing networks for nouns and verbs. We propose that the primary deficit in AD language production is an overreliance on high-frequency words. English has a set of particularly high-frequency verbs that surpass most nouns in usage frequency. Since pwAD tend to use high-frequency words, the byproduct of this word distribution in the English language would be an over-usage of high-frequency verbs. In contrast, Persian features complex verbs with an overall distribution lacking extremely high-frequency verbs like those found in English. As a result, we hypothesize that Persian-speaking pwAD would not have a bias toward the overuse of high-frequency verbs. We analyzed language samples from 95 English-speaking pwAD and 91 healthy controls, along with 27 Persian-speaking pwAD and 27 healthy controls. Employing uniform automated natural language processing methods, we measured the usage rates of nouns, verbs, and word frequencies across both cohorts. Our findings showed that English-speaking pwAD use higher-frequency verbs than healthy individuals, a pattern not mirrored by Persian-speaking pwAD. Crucially, we found a significant interaction between the frequencies of verbs used by English and Persian speakers with and without AD. Moreover, regression models that treated noun and verb frequencies as separate predictors did not outperform models that considered overall word frequency alone in classifying AD. In conclusion, this study suggests that language abnormalities among English-speaking pwAD reflect the unique distributional properties of words in English rather than a universal noun-verb class distinction. Beyond offering a new understanding of language abnormalities in AD, the study highlights the critical need for further investigation across diverse languages to deepen our insight into the mechanisms of language impairments in neurological disorders. Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests to declare.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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