GEMAS: Phosphorus in European agricultural soil - sources versus sinks at the continental-scale - the geological perspective.

Autor: Négrel P; BRGM, 45060 Orléans, France. Electronic address: p.negrel@brgm.fr., Ladenberger A; Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, 752-36 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: anna.ladenberger@sgu.se., Reimann C; Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, Norway., Birke M; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stillweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany., Demetriades A; Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, 1 Spirou Louis St., Olympic Village, Acharnae, 13677 Athens, Greece., Sadeghi M; Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: martiya.sadeghi@sgu.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Jun 20; Vol. 930, pp. 172524. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172524
Abstrakt: Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements for life on Earth. As a major nutrient it is needed for healthy growth both in plants and living organisms. Although the abundance of P in the Earth's upper continental crust is relatively high (655 mg/kg), many soil types are poor in available phosphorus. The main natural factors controlling the availability of P in soil are pH, mineralogy, and formation of insoluble complexes with Al and Fe under acidic, and with Ca and Mg under alkaline soil conditions. Superimposed weathering processes and climate contribute strongly to P mobility and availability. Additionally, a large fraction of total soil P is in organic forms, which are not directly available to plants. Phosphorus is a major component in fertilisers and thus a significant source of anthropogenic P in soil and water. In the agricultural soil samples that were collected during the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil (GEMAS) project, the total P concentrations (XRF, median 786 m/kg) are only slightly higher than those extracted by hot aqua regia (AR, median 653 mg/kg), while the median concentration in the weak MMI® cold extraction is as low as 4.1 mg/kg. The AR results show very low P concentrations over the coarse-grained sandy sediments of the last glaciation in central and northern Europe and in calcareous soil. The southern limit of the last glaciation is visible as a concentration break on the geochemical maps. In general, north-eastern and north-western Europe are marked by high P values, probably related to cold and humid climate and enrichment in humus-rich coastal soil. The spatial distribution of P at the continental-scale is dominated by geogenic and climatic factors, and the anthropogenic influence is difficult to assess and quantify.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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