| Autor: |
Lovins AR; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Miller KA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Buck AK; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Ensey DS; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Homoelle RK; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Murtha MC; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Ward NA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Shanahan LA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Gutti G; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Shriwas P; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., McElroy CA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Callam CS; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States., Hadad CM; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by organophosphorus (OP) compounds poses a serious health risk to humans. While many therapeutics have been tested for treatment after OP exposure, there is still a need for efficient reactivation against all kinds of OP compounds, and current oxime therapeutics have poor blood-brain barrier penetration into the central nervous system, while offering no recovery in activity from the OP-aged forms of AChE. Herein, we report a novel library of 4-amidophenol quinone methide precursors (QMP) that provide effective reactivation against multiple OP-inhibited forms of AChE in addition to resurrecting the aged form of AChE after exposure to a pesticide or some phosphoramidates. Furthermore, these QMP compounds also reactivate OP-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which is an in vivo , endogenous scavenger of OP compounds. The in vitro efficacies of these QMP compounds were tested for reactivation and resurrection of soluble forms of human AChE and BChE and for reactivation of cholinesterases within human blood as well as blood and brain samples from a humanized mouse model. We identify compound 10c as a lead candidate due to its broad-scope efficacy against multiple OP compounds as well as both cholinesterases. With methylphosphonates, compound 10c (250 μM, 1 h) shows >60% recovered activity from OEt-inhibited AChE in human blood as well as mouse blood and brain, thus highlighting its potential for future in vivo analysis. For 10c , the effective concentration (EC 50 ) is less than 25 μM for reactivation of three different methylphosphonate-inhibited forms of AChE, with a maximum reactivation yield above 80%. Similarly, for OP-inhibited BChE, 10c has EC 50 values that are less than 150 μM for two different methylphosphonate compounds. Furthermore, an in vitro kinetic analysis show that 10c has a 2.2- and 92.1-fold superior reactivation efficiency against OEt-inhibited and O i Bu-inhibited AChE, respectively, when compared to an oxime control. In addition to 10c being a potent reactivator of AChE and BChE, we also show that 10c is capable of resurrecting (ethyl paraoxon)-aged AChE, which is another current limitation of oximes. |
