Motility-induced coexistence of a hot liquid and a cold gas.

Autor: Hecht L; Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany., Dong I; Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany., Liebchen B; Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. benno.liebchen@pkm.tu-darmstadt.de.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2024 Apr 13; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 3206. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 13.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47533-9
Abstrakt: If two phases exist at the same time, such as a gas and a liquid, they have the same temperature. This fundamental law of equilibrium physics is known to apply even to many non-equilibrium systems. However, recently, there has been much attention in the finding that inertial self-propelled particles like Janus colloids in a plasma or microflyers could self-organize into a hot gas-like phase that coexists with a colder liquid-like phase. Here, we show that a kinetic temperature difference across coexisting phases can occur even in equilibrium systems when adding generic (overdamped) self-propelled particles. In particular, we consider mixtures of overdamped active and inertial passive Brownian particles and show that when they phase separate into a dense and a dilute phase, both phases have different kinetic temperatures. Surprisingly, we find that the dense phase (liquid) cannot only be colder but also hotter than the dilute phase (gas). This effect hinges on correlated motions where active particles collectively push and heat up passive ones primarily within the dense phase. Our results answer the fundamental question if a non-equilibrium gas can be colder than a coexisting liquid and create a route to equip matter with self-organized domains of different kinetic temperatures.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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