Comprehensive characterization of unscientifically disposed municipal solid waste (MSW) in Kashmir Region, India.

Autor: Farooq M; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Thulasiraman AV; School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Manzoor Z; Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India., Tripathi S; Sustainability Cluster, Department of HSE and Civil Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India., Nisa FU; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Farooq A; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Rasool S; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Akhoon RH; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Shah MY; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India., Gani KM; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. khalid.m@nitsri.ac.in.; Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. khalid.m@nitsri.ac.in.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2024 Apr 13; Vol. 196 (5), pp. 450. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 13.
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12581-7
Abstrakt: Unscientific dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a common practice in Kashmir. To have an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management system, MSW was collected from nine study locations of this region. They were air-dried, then oven-dried at 105 °C for 24 h, segregated, and characterized for various components. The overall average organic waste was > 55%, plastic waste about 17%, inert material about 10%, paper 9%, and cloth waste 7%. The calorific value of paper and plastic wastes exhibited was 4910 kcal/kg, while organic waste had a calorific value of 1980 kcal/kg. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content ranged from 16 to 29%, volatile matter ranged from 49 to 72%, ash content ranged from 0.03 to 5%, and fixed carbon ranged from 5 to 20%. In S 7 , the volatile matter content recorded the lowest value at 49.15%, while in S 5 , the volatile matter content was notably higher at 71.84%, indicating easier ignition. Further, elemental analysis revealed that the major elements in MSW were carbon and oxygen, 53% and 37%, respectively, with small traces of heavy metals with an average of 0.02% cadmium (Cd) and 0.006% lead (Pb). Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs provided confirmation that the majority of components in the MSW exhibited either partial or complete degradation, resulting in a rough surface texture. In addition, the presence of silica and other silicate groups was also detected. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the main functional groups were alcohol. In the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, all the major mineral phases were detected between 20 and 30° 2θ, except for the peaks at 50-60° 2θ in S 3 and S 9 where catalysts such as zeolite Y and zeolite X were detected. Overall, the MSW had low moisture content but higher calorific value, making it a viable feedstock.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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