| Autor: |
Nguyen YND; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea., Jeong JH; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Sharma N; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Tran NKC; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea., Tran HP; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City., Dang DK; Department of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City., Park JH; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea., Byun JK; Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyangju, Republic of Korea., Ko SK; Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea., Nah SY; Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Kim HC; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea., Shin EJ; Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea. |
| Abstrakt: |
It was demonstrated that ginsenosides exert anti-convulsive potentials and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is protective from excitotoxicity induced by kainate (KA), a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ginsenosides-mediated mitochondrial recovery is essential for attenuating KA-induced neurotoxicity, however, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe), one of the major ginsenosides. In this study, GRe significantly attenuated KA-induced seizures in mice. KA-induced redox changes were more evident in mitochondrial fraction than in cytosolic fraction in the hippocampus of mice. GRe significantly attenuated KA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (i.e. increases in reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl) and mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e. the increase in intra-mitochondrial Ca 2+ and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential). GRe or mitochondrial protectant cyclosporin A restored phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and IL-6 levels reduced by KA, and the effects of GRe were reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Thus, we used IL-6 knockout (KO) mice to investigate whether the interaction between STAT3 and IL-6 is involved in the GRe effects. Importantly, KA-induced reduction of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) levels and neurodegeneration (i.e. astroglial inhibition, microglial activation, and neuronal loss) were more prominent in IL-6 KO than in wild-type (WT) mice. These KA-induced detrimental effects were attenuated by GRe in WT and, unexpectedly, IL-6 KO mice, which were counteracted by AG490 and 3-NP. Our results suggest that GRe attenuates KA-induced neurodegeneration via modulating mitochondrial oxidative burden, mitochondrial dysfunction, and STAT3 signaling in mice. |
