The impact of size on middle-ear sound transmission in elephants, the largest terrestrial mammal.

Autor: O'Connell-Rodwell CE; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Berezin JL; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Dharmarajan A; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Ravicz ME; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Hu Y; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Guan X; School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America., O'Connor KN; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Puria S; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.; Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing and Biosciences and Technologies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Apr 10; Vol. 19 (4), pp. e0298535. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 10 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298535
Abstrakt: Elephants have a unique auditory system that is larger than any other terrestrial mammal. To quantify the impact of larger middle ear (ME) structures, we measured 3D ossicular motion and ME sound transmission in cadaveric temporal bones from both African and Asian elephants in response to air-conducted (AC) tonal pressure stimuli presented in the ear canal (PEC). Results were compared to similar measurements in humans. Velocities of the umbo (VU) and stapes (VST) were measured using a 3D laser Doppler vibrometer in the 7-13,000 Hz frequency range, stapes velocity serving as a measure of energy entering the cochlea-a proxy for hearing sensitivity. Below the elephant ME resonance frequency of about 300 Hz, the magnitude of VU/PEC was an order of magnitude greater than in human, and the magnitude of VST/PEC was 5x greater. Phase of VST/PEC above ME resonance indicated that the group delay in elephant was approximately double that of human, which may be related to the unexpectedly high magnitudes at high frequencies. A boost in sound transmission across the incus long process and stapes near 9 kHz was also observed. We discuss factors that contribute to differences in sound transmission between these two large mammals.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 O’Connell-Rodwell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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