The activity of leaf extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Ptaeroxylon obliquum against nine phytopathogenic fungi and the nematode Meloidogyne incognita .
| Autor: | Ramadwa TE; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa., Makhubu FN; Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa., Eloff JN; Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 Mar 30; Vol. 10 (7), pp. e28920. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 30 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28920 |
| Abstrakt: | Phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes cause great losses in economically important crops and food production especially in developing countries. To minimize the use of fungicides and nematicides, researchers have concentrated on the use of natural products for crop disease prevention or control. The aim of the study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Ptaeroxylon obliquum leaf extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds (obliquumol and a mixture of lupeol and β-amyrin) and nematocidal activity of fractions (hexane, chloroform and 30% water in methanol and the isolated compounds) on Meloidogyne incognita . Nine phytopathogenic fungi ( Aspergillus niger, A . parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, P . expansum, P . italicum, P . janthinellum, and Rhizoctonia solani ) were used for testing and nematocidal activity was determined on motility of plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 2 juveniles . Serial microdilution test was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample against the fungus. Motility tests was done on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita . The most susceptible phytopathogenic fungal species to the acetone crude leaf extracts were A. niger, C. gloeosporioides and P. digitatum with MIC of 80 μg/ml which is considered pharmacological significant. Rhizoctonia solani was the most susceptible fungus against obliquumol and, lupeol and β-amyrin mixture with MIC values of 8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml respectively. Lupeol & β-amyrin mixture had good activity on juvenile motility at high concentrations used which was significantly high ( p ≤ 0.05) after 24 h, further incubation resulted in temporary paralysis at lower concentrations. Fractions and obliquumol showed good activity after 48 h, stable paralysis was observed up to 72 h. The extracts and isolated compounds may be useful as fungicides if the in vitro results can be confirmed under field conditions at levels not toxic to beneficial soil organisms. Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Thanyani Ramadwa reports financial support, equipment, drugs, or supplies, and travel were provided by National Research Foundation. Thanyani Ramadwa reports a relationship with National Research Foundation that includes: funding grants. Candice van Wyk, Francien Botha, Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff, Thanyani Ramadwa, has patent PLANT EXTRACTS OF PTAEROXYLON OBLIQUUM NAND COMPOUNDS HAVING ANTMICROBAL AND ANTHELMINTHC ACTIVITY licensed to University of Pretoria. None If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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