| Autor: |
Huang HH; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; email: hhuang11@ncsu.edu., Hargrove LJ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Ortiz-Catalan M; Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia., Sensinger JW; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; email: J.Sensinger@unb.ca. |
| Abstrakt: |
Significant advances in bionic prosthetics have occurred in the past two decades. The field's rapid expansion has yielded many exciting technologies that can enhance the physical, functional, and cognitive integration of a prosthetic limb with a human. We review advances in the engineering of prosthetic devices and their interfaces with the human nervous system, as well as various surgical techniques for altering human neuromusculoskeletal systems for seamless human-prosthesis integration. We discuss significant advancements in research and clinical translation, focusing on upper limbprosthetics since they heavily rely on user intent for daily operation, although many discussed technologies have been extended to lower limb prostheses as well. In addition, our review emphasizes the roles of advanced prosthetics technologies in complex interactions with humans and the technology readiness levels (TRLs) of individual research advances. Finally, we discuss current gaps and controversies in the field and point out future research directions, guided by TRLs. |
