Temporal and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Danube River in Hungary.

Autor: Grmasha RA; Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq.; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary., Stenger-Kovács C; Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.; HUN-REN-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary., Al-Sareji OJ; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq.; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary., Al-Juboori RA; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Aalto, PO Box 15200, 00076, Espoo, Finland., Meiczinger M; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary., Andredaki M; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK., Idowu IA; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK., Majdi HS; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq., Hashim K; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq. k.s.hashim@ljmu.ac.uk.; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. k.s.hashim@ljmu.ac.uk.; Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq. k.s.hashim@ljmu.ac.uk., Al-Ansari N; Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden. nadhir.alansari@ltu.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Apr 09; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 8318. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 09.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58793-2
Abstrakt: The Danube is a significant transboundary river on a global scale, with several tributaries. The effluents from industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants have an impact on the river's aquatic ecosystem. These discharges provide a significant threat to aquatic life by deteriorating the quality of water and sediment. Hence, a total of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were analyzed at six locations along the river, covering a period of 12 months. The objective was to explore the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these chemicals in both water and sediment. The study revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of PAHs in water throughout the year, with levels ranging from 224.8 ng/L during the summer to 365.8 ng/L during the winter. Similarly, the concentration of PAHs in sediment samples varied from 316.7 ng/g in dry weight during the summer to 422.9 ng/g in dry weight during the winter. According to the Europe Drinking Water Directive, the levels of PAHs exceeded the permitted limit of 100 ng/L, resulting in a 124.8% rise in summer and a 265.8% increase in winter. The results suggest that the potential human-caused sources of PAHs were mostly derived from pyrolytic and pyrogenic processes, with pyrogenic sources being more dominant. Assessment of sediment quality standards (SQGs) showed that the levels of PAHs in sediments were below the Effect Range Low (ERL), except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl) concentrations. This suggests that there could be occasional biological consequences. The cumulative Individual Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) exceeds 1/10 4 for both adults and children in all sites.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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