Gamification and Oral Health in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review.

Autor:	Moreira R; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Stomatology and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center of Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Silveira A; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Institute for Research, Innovation and Development, Fernando Pessoa Foundation, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., Sequeira T; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Institute for Research, Innovation and Development, Fernando Pessoa Foundation, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., Durão N; Department of Stomatology and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center of Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Lourenço J; Department of Stomatology and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center of Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Cascais I; Paediatrics Department, Maternal & Child Center of the North, University Hospital Center of Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Cabral RM; Department of Stomatology and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center of Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Taveira Gomes T; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Medical School of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Interactive journal of medical research [Interact J Med Res] 2024 Apr 04; Vol. 13, pp. e35132. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 04.
DOI:	10.2196/35132
Abstrakt:	Background: Oral health is a determinant of overall well-being and quality of life. Individual behaviors, such as oral hygiene and dietary habits, play a central role in oral health. Motivation is a crucial factor in promoting behavior change, and gamification offers a means to boost health-related knowledge and encourage positive health behaviors. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of gamification and its mechanisms on oral health care of children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search covered multiple databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and LILACS. Gray literature, conference proceedings, and WHOQOL internet resources were considered. Studies from January 2013 to December 2022 were included, except for PubMed/MEDLINE, which was searched until January 2023. A total of 15 studies were selected following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed, full-text, and empirical research related to gamification in oral health care, reports of impact, and oral health care outcomes. The exclusion criteria encompassed duplicate articles; unavailable full texts; nonoriginal articles; and non-digital game-related, non-oral health-related, and protocol studies. Selected studies were scrutinized for gamification mechanisms and outcomes. Two main questions were raised: "Does gamification in oral health care impact oral health?" and "Does oral health care gamification enhance health promotion and literacy?" The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework guided the scoping review. Results: Initially, 617 records were obtained from 5 databases and gray literature sources. After applying exclusion criteria, 15 records were selected. Sample size in the selected studies ranged from 34 to 190 children and adolescents. A substantial portion (11/15, 73%) of the studies discussed oral self-care apps supported by evidence-based oral health. The most clearly defined data in the apps were "brushing time" (11/11, 100%) and "daily amount brushing" (10/11, 91%). Most studies (11/15, 73%) mentioned oral health care behavior change techniques and included "prompt intention formation" (11/26, 42%), "providing instructions" (11/26, 42%), "providing information on the behavior-health link" (10/26, 38%), "providing information on consequences" (9/26, 35%), "modeling or demonstrating behavior" (9/26, 35%), "providing feedback on performance" (8/26, 31%), and "providing contingent rewards" (8/26, 31%). Furthermore, 80% (12/15) of the studies identified game design elements incorporating gamification features in oral hygiene applications. The most prevalent gamification features were "ideological incentives" (10/12, 83%) and "goals" (9/16, 56%), which were found in user-specific and challenge categories, respectively. Conclusions: Gamification in oral health care shows potential as an innovative approach to promote positive health behaviors. Most studies reported evidence-based oral health and incorporated oral health care behavior change techniques. (©Rui Moreira, Augusta Silveira, Teresa Sequeira, Nuno Durão, Jessica Lourenço, Inês Cascais, Rita Maria Cabral, Tiago Taveira Gomes. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 04.04.2024.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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