What Effect Do Goal Setting Interventions Have on Physical Activity and Psychological Outcomes in Insufficiently Active Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autor:	Garstang KR; Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group,Department of Sport Science,School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom., Jackman PC; School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom., Healy LC; Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group,Department of Sport Science,School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom., Cooper SB; Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group,Department of Sport Science,School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom., Magistro D; Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group,Department of Sport Science,School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of physical activity & health [J Phys Act Health] 2024 Apr 01; Vol. 21 (6), pp. 541-553. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 01 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1123/jpah.2023-0340
Abstrakt:	Background: Goal setting is commonly used for promoting physical activity (PA) among insufficiently active individuals. Previous reviews have analyzed the effects of goal setting on PA, but the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the concurrent effects of goal setting on PA and psychological outcomes in insufficiently active individuals to support interventions aiming to produce sustained PA behavior change. Methods: In this review (PROSPERO: CRD42021243970), we identified 13 studies with 1208 insufficiently active adults that reported the effects of goal-setting interventions (range 3-24 wk) on both PA and psychological outcomes (eg, self-efficacy, motivation, and affect). We used meta-analysis and narrative synthesis to analyze these effects. Results: All goals used in the included studies were specific goals. Setting specific goals had a large, positive effect on PA (g [standard mean difference] = 1.11 [P < .001]; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.47), but only a small, positive effect on the combined psychological outcomes (g [standard mean difference] = 0.25 [P < .001]; 95% CI, 0.10-0.40). Moderator analyses revealed that interventions that did not reward participants had a significantly greater effect on PA than interventions that did provide rewards (g = 1.30 vs 0.60, respectively, P ≤ .003). No other significant moderators were found. Conclusion: Our review offers initial insight into the long-term effects of specific goals on PA and psychological outcomes in insufficiently active adults. Further research that examines the PA and psychological effects of goal-setting interventions and investigates a wider range of goal types could develop a stronger evidence base to inform intervention for insufficiently active individuals.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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