Current treatments of alcohol use disorder.

Autor:	Dionisi T; Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS 'A. Gemelli' University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy., Di Sario G; Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS 'A. Gemelli' University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy., De Mori L; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Spagnolo G; Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS 'A. Gemelli' University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy., Antonelli M; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Tarli C; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Sestito L; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Mancarella FA; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Ferrarese D; Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS 'A. Gemelli' University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy., Mirijello A; Unit of Internal Medicine, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy., Vassallo GA; Department of Internal Medicine, Barone Lombardo Hospital, Canicattì, Italy., Gasbarrini A; Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS 'A. Gemelli' University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy., Addolorato G; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.addolorato@unicatt.it.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International review of neurobiology [Int Rev Neurobiol] 2024; Vol. 175, pp. 127-152. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 19.
DOI:	10.1016/bs.irn.2024.02.005
Abstrakt:	Emerging treatments for alcohol dependence reveal an intricate interplay of neurobiological, psychological, and circumstantial factors that contribute to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The approved strategies balancing these factors involve extensive manipulations of neurotransmitter systems such as GABA, Glutamate, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Acetylcholine. Innovative developments are engaging mechanisms such as GABA reuptake inhibition and allosteric modulation. Closer scrutiny is placed on the role of Glutamate in chronic alcohol consumption, with treatments like NMDA receptor antagonists and antiglutamatergic medications showing significant promise. Complementing these neurobiological approaches is the progressive shift towards Personalized Medicine. This strategy emphasizes unique genetic, epigenetic and physiological factors, employing pharmacogenomic principles to optimize treatment response. Concurrently, psychological therapies have become an integral part of the treatment landscape, tackling the cognitive-behavioral dimension of addiction. In instances of AUD comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, Personalized Medicine becomes pivotal, ensuring treatment and prognosis are closely defined by individual characteristics, as exemplified by Lesch Typology models. Given the high global prevalence and wide distribution of AUD, a persistent necessity exists for development and improvement of treatments. Current research efforts are steadily paving paths towards more sophisticated, effective typology-based treatments: a testament to the recognized imperative for enhanced treatment strategies. The potential encapsulated within the ongoing research suggests a promising future where the clinical relevance of current strategies is not just maintained but significantly improved to effectively counter alcohol dependence. (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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