Optimization of volatile organic compounds sampling from dairy cow exhaled breath using polymer-based solid-phase extraction cartridges for gas chromatographic analysis.

Autor:	Eichinger J; Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science, Stuttgart, Germany., Reiche AM; Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland., Dohme-Meier F; Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland., Fuchsmann P; Human Nutrition, Sensory Analysis and Flavour, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of breath research [J Breath Res] 2024 Apr 16; Vol. 18 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16.
DOI:	10.1088/1752-7163/ad38d5
Abstrakt:	We explored appropriate technical setups for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled cow breath by comparing six different polymer-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges currently on the market for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening. Exhaled breath was sampled at a single timepoint from five lactating dairy cows using six different SPE cartridges (Bond Elut ENV (ENV); Chromabond HRX (HRX); Chromabond HRP (HRP); Chromabond HLB (HLB); Chromabond HR-XCW (XCW) and Chromabond HR-XAW (XAW)). The trapped VOCs were analyzed by dynamic headspace vacuum in-tube extraction GC-MS (DHS-V-ITEX-GC-MS). Depending on the SPE cartridge, we detected 1174-1312 VOCs per cartridge. Most VOCs were alkenes, alkanes, esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, nitriles, ethers, amides, carboxylic acids, alkynes, azoles, terpenes, pyridines, or sulfur-containing compounds. The six SPE cartridges differed in their specificity for the chemical compounds, with the XAW cartridge showing the best specificity for ketones. The greatest differences between the tested SPE cartridges appeared in the detection of specific VOCs. In total, 176 different VOCs were detected with a match factor >80%. The greatest number of specific VOCs was captured by XAW (149), followed by ENV (118), HLB (117), HRP (115), HRX (114), and XCW (114). We conclude that the tested SPE cartridges are suitable for VOC sampling from exhaled cow breath, but the SPE cartridge choice enormously affects the detected chemical groups and the number of detected VOCs. Therefore, an appropriate SPE adsorbent cartridge should be selected according to our proposed inclusion criteria. For targeted metabolomics approaches, the SPE cartridge choice depends on the VOCs or chemical compound groups of interest based on our provided VOC list. For untargeted approaches without information on the animals' metabolic condition, we suggest using multi-sorbent SPE cartridges or multiple cartridges per animal. (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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