| Autor: |
Murray JS; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand.; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand., Passfield EMF; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand., Rhodes LL; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand., Puddick J; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand., Finch SC; AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand., Smith KF; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand., van Ginkel R; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand., Mudge EM; Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada., Nishimura T; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand.; Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Hiroshima, Japan., Funaki H; Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, Japan., Adachi M; Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, Japan., Prinsep MR; School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand., Harwood DT; Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand.; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. |
| Abstrakt: |
The genus Gambierdiscus produces an array of bioactive hydrophilic and lipophilic secondary metabolites that range in mode of action and toxicity. In this study, the metabolite fingerprint was mapped for thirteen Gambierdiscus , five Coolia and two Fukuyoa species (34 isolates) by assessing the production of 56 characterised secondary metabolites. Gambierdiscus polynesiensis was the only species to produce Pacific-ciguatoxin-3B (P-CTX3B), P-CTX3C, iso-P-CTX3B/C, P-CTX4A, P-CTX4B and iso-P-CTX4A/B. G. australes produced maitotoxin-1 (MTX-1) and MTX-5, G. cheloniae produced MTX-6 and G. honu produced MTX-7. Ubiquitous production of 44-methylgambierone was observed amongst all the Gambierdiscus isolates, with nine species also producing gambierone. Additional gambierone analogues, including anhydrogambierone (tentatively described herein), were also detected in all Gambierdiscus species, two Coolia and two Fukuyoa species. Gambieroxide was detected in G. lewisii and G. pacificus and gambieric acid A was detected in ten Gambierdiscus species, with G. australes (CAWD381) being the only isolate to produce gambieric acids A-D. This study has demonstrated that the isolates tested to date produce the known CTXs or MTXs, but not both, and highlighted several species that produced 'unknown' compounds displaying characteristics of cyclic polyethers, which will be the focus of future compound discovery efforts. |
