Defining Spatial Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Re-orientation.

Autor:	Morrison CN; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Mair CF; Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA., Bates L; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Duncan DT; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Branas CC; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Bushover BR; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Mehranbod CA; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Gobaud AN; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Uong S; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Forrest S; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Roberts L; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY., Rundle AG; From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) [Epidemiology] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 35 (4), pp. 542-555. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 24.
DOI:	10.1097/EDE.0000000000001738
Abstrakt:	Background: Spatial epidemiology has emerged as an important subfield of epidemiology over the past quarter century. We trace the origins of spatial epidemiology and note that its emergence coincided with technological developments in spatial statistics and geography. We hypothesize that spatial epidemiology makes important contributions to descriptive epidemiology and analytic risk-factor studies but is not yet aligned with epidemiology's current focus on causal inference and intervention. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PubMed that used the term "spatial epidemiolog*" in the title, abstract, or keywords. Excluded articles were not written in English, examined disease in animals, or reported biologic pathogen distribution only. We coded the included papers into five categories (review, demonstration of method, descriptive, analytic, and intervention) and recorded the unit of analysis (i.e., individual vs. ecological). We additionally examined articles coded as analytic ecologic studies using scales for lexical content. Results: A total of 482 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 76 reviews, 117 demonstrations of methods, 122 descriptive studies, 167 analytic studies, and 0 intervention studies. Demonstration studies were most common from 2006 to 2014, and analytic studies were most common after 2015. Among the analytic ecologic studies, those published in later years used more terms relevant to spatial statistics (incidence rate ratio =1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) and causal inference (incidence rate ratio =1.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2). Conclusions: Spatial epidemiology is an important and growing subfield of epidemiology. We suggest a re-orientation to help align its practice with the goals of contemporary epidemiology. Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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