Enrichable consortia of microbial symbionts degrade macroalgal polysaccharides in Kyphosus fish.

Autor:	Oliver A; Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Podell S; Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Wegley Kelly L; Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Sparagon WJ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA., Plominsky AM; Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Nelson RS; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA., Laurens LML; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA., Augyte S; Ocean-Era Inc., Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA., Sims NA; Ocean-Era Inc., Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA., Nelson CE; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA., Allen EE; Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MBio [mBio] 2024 May 08; Vol. 15 (5), pp. e0049624. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 27.
DOI:	10.1128/mbio.00496-24
Abstrakt:	Coastal herbivorous fishes consume macroalgae, which is then degraded by microbes along their digestive tract. However, there is scarce genomic information about the microbiota that perform this degradation. This study explores the potential of Kyphosus gastrointestinal microbial symbionts to collaboratively degrade and ferment polysaccharides from red, green, and brown macroalgae through in silico study of carbohydrate-active enzyme and sulfatase sequences. Recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from previously described Kyphosus gut metagenomes and newly sequenced bioreactor enrichments reveals differences in enzymatic capabilities between the major microbial taxa in Kyphosus guts. The most versatile of the recovered MAGs were from the Bacteroidota phylum, whose MAGs house enzyme collections able to decompose a variety of algal polysaccharides. Unique enzymes and predicted degradative capacities of genomes from the Bacillota (genus Vallitalea ) and Verrucomicrobiota (order Kiritimatiellales ) highlight the importance of metabolic contributions from multiple phyla to broaden polysaccharide degradation capabilities. Few genomes contain the required enzymes to fully degrade any complex sulfated algal polysaccharide alone. The distribution of suitable enzymes between MAGs originating from different taxa, along with the widespread detection of signal peptides in candidate enzymes, is consistent with cooperative extracellular degradation of these carbohydrates. This study leverages genomic evidence to reveal an untapped diversity at the enzyme and strain level among Kyphosus symbionts and their contributions to macroalgae decomposition. Bioreactor enrichments provide a genomic foundation for degradative and fermentative processes central to translating the knowledge gained from this system to the aquaculture and bioenergy sectors.IMPORTANCESeaweed has long been considered a promising source of sustainable biomass for bioenergy and aquaculture feed, but scalable industrial methods for decomposing terrestrial compounds can struggle to break down seaweed polysaccharides efficiently due to their unique sulfated structures. Fish of the genus Kyphosus feed on seaweed by leveraging gastrointestinal bacteria to degrade algal polysaccharides into simple sugars. This study reconstructs metagenome-assembled genomes for these gastrointestinal bacteria to enhance our understanding of herbivorous fish digestion and fermentation of algal sugars. Investigations at the gene level identify Kyphosus guts as an untapped source of seaweed-degrading enzymes ripe for further characterization. These discoveries set the stage for future work incorporating marine enzymes and microbial communities in the industrial degradation of algal polysaccharides. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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