Screening of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes on Anti-Diabetic Agents for Probable Hypoglycaemia Using the Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in Outpatient Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study from Outpatient Diabetes Care Centres in North India.

Autor: Awasthi R; Internal Medicine, Prarthana Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Pande AK; Endocrinology, Lucknow Endocrine Diabetes and Thyroid Clinic, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Chandra KP; Diabetology, Chandra Diabetes Clinic, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Agarwal V; Internal Medicine RR Diabetes and Heart Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gupta M; Internal Medicine ,Udyaan Healthcare, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Tewari A; Internal Medicine, Jai Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gupta N; Internal Medicine Lucknow Hormone Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Chaubey S; Endocrinology, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns North, Queensland, Australia., Chaudhary S; Internal Medicine, CMO, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ansari S; Internal Medicine, SS Heart Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar D; Internal Medicine, Harsh Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism [Indian J Endocrinol Metab] 2024 Jan-Feb; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 86-90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 26.
DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_23
Abstrakt: Introduction: The study was aimed at identifying the incidence of unreported probable hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on anti-diabetic medications, using the screening Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in real-world situations.
Methods: It was a multicentre cross-sectional study on consecutive individuals attending 10 diabetes care centres in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The inclusion criteria were as follows: known individuals with T2DM, literate, age greater than or equal to 18 years, on at least one anti-diabetic agent for more than a month and not engaged in regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).
Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018, involving 1198 participants. The mean age of the individuals enrolled was 53.45 years (±10.83), with males comprising 55.3% of the population. It was found that 63.6% of patients were on sulphonylurea (SU), 14.5% were on pioglitazone, 92.2% on metformin, 62.3% on Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4i) and 12.8% on Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2i). The mean SHQ score was 1.81 (±1.59). Probable hypoglycaemia was mild in 57.59%, moderate in 14.69% and severe in 1.41%. Those with diabetic neuropathy ( P = <0.001), retinopathy ( P = <0.001) and nephropathy ( P = <0.001) had significantly higher SHQ scores. Insulin or SU use was associated with a significantly higher SHQ score. Concomitant statin use was associated with a lower incidence of mild, moderate and severe hypoglycaemia ( P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, we found that age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin use and fasting blood sugar were the most important factors associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia with an R 2 cut-off of 0.7.
Conclusion: SHQ was discovered to be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for outpatient detection of hypoglycaemia in an Indian setting, and it can add value to management.
Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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