| Autor: |
Rothschild LJ; Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States.; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States., Averesch NJH; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States., Strychalski EA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States., Moser F; Synlife, One Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-1661, United States., Glass JI; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States., Cruz Perez R; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States., Yekinni IO; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States., Rothschild-Mancinelli B; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150, United States., Roberts Kingman GA; NASA Postdoctoral Program, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States., Wu F; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States., Waeterschoot J; Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven Belgium., Ioannou IA; Department of Chemistry, MSRH, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K., Jewett MC; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States., Liu AP; Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States., Noireaux V; Physics and Nanotechnology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States., Sorenson C; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States., Adamala KP; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
The de novo construction of a living organism is a compelling vision. Despite the astonishing technologies developed to modify living cells, building a functioning cell "from scratch" has yet to be accomplished. The pursuit of this goal alone has─and will─yield scientific insights affecting fields as diverse as cell biology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology. Multiple approaches have aimed to create biochemical systems manifesting common characteristics of life, such as compartmentalization, metabolism, and replication and the derived features, evolution, responsiveness to stimuli, and directed movement. Significant achievements in synthesizing each of these criteria have been made, individually and in limited combinations. Here, we review these efforts, distinguish different approaches, and highlight bottlenecks in the current research. We look ahead at what work remains to be accomplished and propose a "roadmap" with key milestones to achieve the vision of building cells from molecular parts. |
