A Theoretical Model of Victimization, Perpetration, and Denial in Mass Atrocities: Case Studies From Indonesia, Cambodia, East Timor, and Myanmar.

Autor:	Putra IE; Persada Indonesia University YAI, Jakarta, Indonesia.; Division for Applied Social Psychology Research, Jakarta, Indonesia., Rufaedah A; Division for Applied Social Psychology Research, Jakarta, Indonesia.; Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia., Thontowi HB; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Pohlman A; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Louis W; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc [Pers Soc Psychol Rev] 2024 Nov; Vol. 28 (4), pp. 398-426. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 23.
DOI:	10.1177/10888683241239097
Abstrakt:	Academic Abstract: The present article discusses victimization, perpetration, and denial in mass atrocities, using four recent case studies from Southeast Asia. The four cases include Indonesia (in which hundreds of thousands died in anti-Communist violence), Cambodia (in which the Khmer Rouge killed more than one million civilians), East Timor (in which more than one hundred thousand civilians died during the Indonesian occupation), and Myanmar (in which the state/army is accused of genocide toward the Rohingyas). Our aim is to bring a psychological lens to these histories, with a focus on three processes relevant to genocide. We examine, first, how the victims were targeted; second, how the perpetrators were mobilized; and third, the denial, justification, meaning-making, and commemoration of the atrocities. We propose a novel theoretical model, TOPASC: A Theory of the Psychology of Atrocities in Societal Contexts, highlighting the psychology of atrocities as involving factors across the macro, meso, and micro contexts. Public Abstract: We introduce a new model, "TOPASC: A Theory of the Psychology of Atrocities in Societal Contexts," to explain why people justify mass killings and why certain group members are consistently targeted. In our model, we explore how mass atrocities against specific groups are influenced by psychological dynamics in intergroup situations which, in turn, are shaped by socio-historical contexts and individual psychologies. To illustrate these ideas, we analyze four cases of mass atrocities in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Cambodia, East Timor, and Myanmar. These cases highlight how different social groups, characterized by diverse ideologies, ethnicities, genders, or religions, exhibit varying vulnerabilities as perpetrators or victims based on their social and power status. Mass atrocities are not sudden occurrences but rather result from a series of complex processes and events. Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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