Protonated C 3 N 4 Nanosheets for Enhanced Energy Storage in Symmetric Supercapacitors through Hydrochloric Acid Treatment.

Autor: Subbiah M; Department of Renewable Energy Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.; Laboratory of Electrochemical Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India., Mariappan A; Laboratory of Electrochemical Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India., Sundaramurthy A; Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu India., Venkatachalam S; Department of Renewable Energy Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.; Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India., Renganathan RT; Department of Renewable Energy Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India., Saravanan N; Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur603203, Tamil Nadu, India., Pitchaimuthu S; Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Institute of Mechanical, Processing and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K., Srinivasan N; Laboratory of Electrochemical Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: ACS omega [ACS Omega] 2024 Feb 28; Vol. 9 (10), pp. 11273-11287. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 28 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06747
Abstrakt: Next-generation electrochemical energy storage materials are essential in delivering high power for long periods of time. Double-layer carbonaceous materials provide high power density with low energy density due to surface-controlled adsorption. This limitation can be overcome by developing a low-cost, more abundant material that delivers high energy and power density. Herein, we develop layered C 3 N 4 as a sustainable charge storage material for supercapacitor applications. It was thermally polymerized using urea and then protonated with various acids to enhance its charge storage contribution by activating more reaction sites through the exfoliation of the C-N framework. The increased electron-rich nitrogen moieties in the C-N framework material lead to better electrolytic ion impregnation into the electrode, resulting in a 7-fold increase in charge storage compared to the pristine material and other acids. It was found that C 3 N 4 treated with hydrochloric acid showed a very high capacitance of 761 F g -1 at a current density of 20 A g -1 and maintained 100% cyclic retention over 10,000 cycles in a three-electrode configuration, outperforming both the pristine material and other acids. A symmetric device was fabricated using a KOH/LiI gel-based electrolyte, exhibiting a maximum specific capacitance of 175 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 . Additionally, the device showed remarkable power and energy density, reaching 600 W kg -1 and 35 Wh kg -1 , with an exceptional cyclic stability of 60% even after 5000 cycles. This study provides an archetype to understand the underlying mechanism of acid protonation and paves the way to a metal-carbon-free environment.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.
(© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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