Evolution of wing shape in geometrid moths: phylogenetic effects dominate over ecology.

Autor:	Ude K; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Õunap E; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia., Kaasik A; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Davis RB; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Javoiš J; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Nedumpally V; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Foerster SIA; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Tammaru T; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of evolutionary biology [J Evol Biol] 2024 May 06; Vol. 37 (5), pp. 526-537.
DOI:	10.1093/jeb/voae033
Abstrakt:	Locomotory performance is an important determinant of fitness in most animals, including flying insects. Strong selective pressures on wing morphology are therefore expected. Previous studies on wing shape in Lepidoptera have found some support for hypotheses relating wing shape to environment-specific selective pressures on aerodynamic performance. Here, we present a phylogenetic comparative study on wing shape in the lepidopteran family Geometridae, covering 374 species of the northern European fauna. We focused on 11 wing traits including aspect ratio, wing roundness, and the pointedness of the apex, as well as the ratio of forewing and hindwing areas. All measures were taken from images available on the internet, using a combination of tools available in Fiji software and R. We found that wing shape demonstrates a phylogenetically conservative pattern of evolution in Geometridae, showing similar or stronger phylogenetic signal than many of its potential predictors. Several wing traits showed statistically significant associations with predictors such as body size, phenology, and preference for forest habitats. Overall, however, all of these associations remained notably weak, with no wing shape being excluded for any value of the predictors, including body size. We conclude that, in geometrids, wing traits do not readily respond to selective pressures optimizing aerodynamic performance of the moths in different environments. Selection on wing shape may nevertheless operate through other functions of the wings, with the effectiveness of crypsis at rest being a promising candidate for further studies. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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