Association of largest meal timing and eating frequency with body mass index and obesity.

Autor: Longo-Silva G; Research Group 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health', Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Electronic address: giovana_longo@yahoo.com.br., Lima MO; Research Group 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health', Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Electronic address: marcia.lima@fanut.ufal.br., Pedrosa AKP; Research Group 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health', Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Electronic address: dra.annykariny@gmail.com., Serenini R; European Ph.D. in Socio-Economic and Statistical Studies, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: renan_serenini@hotmail.com., Marinho PM; Research Group 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health', Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Electronic address: patricia_mmarinho@hotmail.com., Menezes RCE; Research Group 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health', Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Electronic address: risiamenezes@yahoo.com.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Clinical nutrition ESPEN [Clin Nutr ESPEN] 2024 Apr; Vol. 60, pp. 179-186. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.022
Abstrakt: Background and Aims: The circadian pattern of eating behaviors has garnered increasing interest as a strategy for obesity prevention and weight loss. It is believed that the benefits stem from aligning food intake with the body's natural daily rhythms. However, the existing body of evidence is limited in scale and scope and there has been insufficient evaluation of temporal eating behaviors, such as the specific time of day in which the highest calorie consumption occurs, meal frequency, and distribution. This research aims to explore the association between the timing of the largest meal of the day and eating frequency with Body Mass Index (BMI) and obesity.
Methods: Participants (n = 2050, 18-65y) were part of an exploratory cross-sectional and population-based research, with data collection in a virtual environment. Linear regression analyses and restricted cubic splines evaluated differences in BMI associated with independent eating variables [timing of the largest meal, number of meals/day (as continuous and categorical: ≤3 or >3/day), and each largest meal of the day (breakfast/lunch/dinner)]. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess Odds Ratios (OR) and 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) of obesity associated with the same independent variables.
Results: Our main findings were that the timing of the largest meal and reporting dinner as the largest meal were associated with higher values of BMI (respectively, 0.07 kg/m 2 and 0.85 kg/m 2 ) and increased odds of obesity [respectively OR(95%CI):1.04(1.01,1.08), and OR(95%CI):1.67(1.18,2.38)]. Those who realized more than 3 meals/day presented lower values of BMI (-0.14 kg/m 2 ) and 32 % lower odds of having obesity [OR(95%CI):0.68(0.52,0.89)]. Reporting lunch as the largest meal also protected against obesity [OR(95%CI):0.71(0.54,0.93)]. These associations were statistically significant and independent of sex, age, marital status, education level, diet quality, sleep duration, and weekly frequency of physical exercise.
Conclusion: Having the largest meal earlier in the day, concentrating the majority of caloric intake during lunch, and consuming more than three meals a day, may present a promising intervention for preventing and treating obesity/overweight.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
(Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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