Presence of carbazole and polyhalogenated carbazoles in human urine.

Autor: Mao W; Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China., Jin H; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, PR China., Yin S; Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China., Xu L; Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China., Guo R; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China., Mao K; Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China. Electronic address: 1258371506@wmu.edu.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 May 01; Vol. 923, pp. 171609. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 08.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171609
Abstrakt: Exposure to carbazole (CZ) and polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) may pose a threat to human health, owing to their potential dioxin-like toxicity. Until now, the presence of these chemicals in the human urine from the general population is still unclear. Human urine samples (n = 210) were taken from the general population in Quzhou, China in this study, and were analyzed for CZ and 14 PHCZs. CZ and nine PHCZs were detected in collected human urine. CZ (detection frequency 100 %), 3-chlorocarbazole (3-CCZ; 88 %), 3,6-dichlorocarbzole (36-CCZ; 84 %), and 3-bromocarbazole (3-BCZ; 80 %) were more frequently detected. Among detected PHCZs, 3-CCZ (mean 0.49 ng/mL, < LOD-4.3 ng/mL) had comparatively higher urinary levels, followed by 3-BCZ (0.30 ng/L, < LOD-1.9 ng/mL) and 36-CCZ (0.20 ng/L, < LOD-1.4 ng/mL). Urinary concentrations of CZ in male participants (1.3 ± 0.26 ng/mL) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in female participants (0.92 ± 0.24 ng/mL). No obvious trend in urinary concentrations with the age of participants was found for CZ and detected PHCZs. The mean daily excretion was found highest for CZ (31 ng/kg bw/day), followed by 3-CCZ (19 ng/kg bw/day) and 3-BCZ (8.5 ng/kg bw/day). This study provides the first data, to our knowledge, on the presence and levels of CZ and PHCZs in human urine, which is necessary for conducting the human exposure risk assessment.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: