Insights into Full-congener Profiles of Chlorinated Benzenes in Fly and Bottom Ash: Case Study in Vietnamese Industrial and Municipal Waste Incinerators.

Autor: Nguyen TTT; Faculty of Chemistry, TNU-University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 24000, Vietnam., Vuong XT; Faculty of Chemistry, TNU-University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 24000, Vietnam., Tu MB; University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam., Trinh MH; University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam., Hoang AQ; University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam. hoangquocanh1990@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology [Bull Environ Contam Toxicol] 2024 Mar 09; Vol. 112 (3), pp. 46. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 09.
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03874-1
Abstrakt: Chlorinated benzenes (CBzs) are a group of organic pollutants, which have been industrially or unintentionally produced through various chemical and thermal processes. Studies on full congener profiles of CBzs in waste and environmental samples are relatively limited and not updated. In the present study, concentrations of 12 CBzs were determined in fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) samples collected from one municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and one industrial waste incinerator (IWI) in northern Vietnam. Levels of Σ12CBzs were higher in bottom ash (median 25.3; range 1.59-45.7 ng/g) than in fly ash (median 7.30; range 1.04-30.0 ng/g). The CBz profiles were dominated by di- and tri-chlorinated congeners with the major congeners as 1,2,4-TCB, 1,2,3-TCB, 1,2-DCB, and 1,3-DCB. However, CBz profiles varied greatly between sample types and incinerators, implying differences in input materials, formation pathways, and pollutant behaviors. Incomplete combustion is possibly responsible for high levels of CBzs in industrial bottom ash. The emission factors of Σ12CBzs ranged from 21 to 600 µg/ton for fly ash and from 190 to 4570 µg/ton for bottom ash, resulting in annual emissions of about 6 and 3 g/year for the IWI and MWI, respectively. Our results suggest additional investigations on industrial emission and environmental occurrence of all 12 CBzs rather than solely focusing on regulated congeners like hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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