Exposure to war and conflict: The individual and inherited epigenetic effects on health, with a focus on post-traumatic stress disorder.

Autor:	Raza Z; Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom.; BRAVO VICTOR, Research & Innovation, London, United Kingdom.; Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom., Hussain SF; Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom.; BRAVO VICTOR, Research & Innovation, London, United Kingdom., Foster VS; Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom.; BRAVO VICTOR, Research & Innovation, London, United Kingdom.; St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom., Wall J; Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; Haxby Group Hull, General Practice Surgery, Hull, United Kingdom., Coffey PJ; Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom., Martin JF; Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom., Gomes RSM; Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom.; BRAVO VICTOR, Research & Innovation, London, United Kingdom.; Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in epidemiology [Front Epidemiol] 2023 Feb 16; Vol. 3, pp. 1066158. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 16 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fepid.2023.1066158
Abstrakt:	War and conflict are global phenomena, identified as stress-inducing triggers for epigenetic modifications. In this state-of-the-science narrative review based on systematic principles, we summarise existing data to explore the outcomes of these exposures especially in veterans and show that they may result in an increased likelihood of developing gastrointestinal, auditory, metabolic and circadian issues, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also note that, despite a potential "healthy soldier effect", both veterans and civilians with PTSD exhibit the altered DNA methylation status in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulatory genes such as NR3C1 . Genes associated with sleep ( PAX8 ; LHX1 ) are seen to be differentially methylated in veterans. A limited number of studies also revealed hereditary effects of war exposure across groups: decreased cortisol levels and a heightened (sex-linked) mortality risk in offspring. Future large-scale studies further identifying the heritable risks of war, as well as any potential differences between military and civilian populations, would be valuable to inform future healthcare directives. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (© 2023 Raza, Hussain, Foster, Wall, Coffey, Martin and Gomes.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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