Towards a practical threat assessment methodology for crop landraces.

Autor:	Almeida MJ; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Barata AM; Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Braga, Portugal., De Haan S; Andean Food Systems, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru., Joshi BK; National Gene Bank, National Agricultural Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal., Brehm JM; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Braga, Portugal., Yazbek M; Genebank, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol, Lebanon., Maxted N; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in plant science [Front Plant Sci] 2024 Feb 22; Vol. 15, pp. 1336876. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 22 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1336876
Abstrakt:	Crop landraces (LR), the traditional varieties of crops that have been maintained for millennia by repeated cycles of planting, harvesting, and selection, are genetically diverse compared to more modern varieties and provide one of the key components for crop improvement due to the ease of trait transfer within the crop species. However, LR diversity is increasingly threatened with genetic erosion and extinction by replacement with improved cultivars, lack of incentives for farmers to maintain traditional agricultural systems, and rising threats from climate change. Their active conservation is necessary to maintain this critical resource. However, as there are hundreds of thousands of LR and millions of LR populations for crops globally, active conservation is complex and resource-intensive. To assist in implementation, it is useful to be able to prioritise LR for conservation action and an obvious means of prioritisation is based on relative threat assessment. There have been several attempts to propose LR threat assessment methods, but none thus far has been widely accepted or applied. The aim of this paper is to present a novel, practical, standardised, and objective methodology for LR threat assessment derived from the widely applied IUCN Red Listing for wild species, involving the collation of time series information for LR population range, LR population trend, market, and farmer characteristics and LR context information. The collated information is compared to a set of threat criteria and an appropriate threat category is assigned to the LR when a threshold level is reached. The proposed methodology can be applied at national, regional, or global levels and any crop group. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Almeida, Barata, De Haan, Joshi, Brehm, Yazbek and Maxted.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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