Phylogenomic and phenotypic analyses highlight the diversity of antibiotic resistance and virulence in both human and non-human Acinetobacter baumannii .

Autor: Sykes EME; Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Mateo-Estrada V; Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Engelberg R; Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Muzaleva A; Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Zhanel G; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Dettman J; Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Chapados J; Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Gerdis S; Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Akineden Ö; Dairy Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany., Khan IUH; Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Castillo-Ramírez S; Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Kumar A; Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: MSphere [mSphere] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 9 (3), pp. e0074123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 05.
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00741-23
Abstrakt: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in the immunocompromised. With a high incidence of muti-drug resistance, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is designated as a priority 1 pathogen by the WHO. The current literature has expertly characterized clinical isolates of A. baumannii . As the challenge of these infections has recently been classified as a One Health issue, we set out to explore the diversity of isolates from human and non-clinical sources, such as agricultural surface water, urban streams, various effluents from wastewater treatment plants, and food (tank milk); and, importantly, these isolates came from a wide geographic distribution. Phylogenomic analysis considering almost 200 isolates showed that our diverse set is well-differentiated from the main international clones of A. baumannii . We discovered novel sequence types in both hospital and non-clinical settings and five strains that overexpress the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump adeIJK without changes in susceptibility reflected by this overexpression. Furthermore, we detected a bla ADC-79 in a non-human isolate despite its sensitivity to all antibiotics. There was no significant differentiation between the virulence profiles of clinical and non-clinical isolates in the Galleria mellonella insect model of virulence, suggesting that virulence is neither dependent on geographic origin nor isolation source. The detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in non-human strains suggests that these isolates may act as a genetic reservoir for clinical strains. This endorses the notion that in order to combat multi-drug-resistant infection caused by A. baumannii, a One Health approach is required, and a deeper understanding of non-clinical strains must be achieved.IMPORTANCEThe global crisis of antibiotic resistance is a silent one. More and more bacteria are becoming resistant to all antibiotics available for treatment, leaving no options remaining. This includes Acinetobacter baumannii . This Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen shows a high frequency of multi-drug resistance, and many strains are resistant to the last-resort drugs carbapenem and colistin. Research has focused on strains of clinical origin, but there is a knowledge gap regarding virulence traits, particularly how A. baumannii became the notorious pathogen of today. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes have been detected in strains from animals and environmental locations such as grass and soil. As such, A. baumannii is a One Health concern, which includes the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Thus, in order to truly combat the antibiotic resistance crisis, we need to understand the antibiotic resistance and virulence gene reservoirs of this pathogen under the One Health continuum.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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