Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections by Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain in a context of global outbreak.

Autor:	Ramírez de Arellano E; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Saavedra-Lozano J; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain., Villalón P; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Jové-Blanco A; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain., Grandioso D; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain., Sotelo J; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Gamell A; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain., González-López JJ; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain., Cervantes E; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain., Gónzalez MJ; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain., Rello-Saltor V; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain., Esteva C; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital San Joan de Dèu, Barcelona, Spain., Sanz-Santaeufemia F; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain., Yagüe G; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain., Manzanares Á; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain., Brañas P; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain., Ruiz de Gopegui E; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdiSBA), Palma, Spain., Carrasco-Colom J; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain., García F; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación IbS.GRANADA, Granada, Spain., Cercenado E; Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Mellado I; Servicio de Pediatría y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Fundación IdiPaz Madrid, Spain. Red de Investigación Traslación en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Del Castillo E; Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain., Pérez-Vazquez M; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Oteo-Iglesias J; Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Calvo C; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Pediatría y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Fundación IdiPaz Madrid, Spain. Red de Investigación Traslación en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MSphere [mSphere] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 9 (3), pp. e0072923. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 05.
DOI:	10.1128/msphere.00729-23
Abstrakt:	In December 2022, an alert was published in the UK and other European countries reporting an unusual increase in the incidence of Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Our aim was to describe the clinical, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of group A Streptococcus invasive infections (iGAS) in children prospectively recruited in Spain (September 2022-March 2023), and compare invasive strains with strains causing mild infections. One hundred thirty isolates of S. pyogenes causing infection (102 iGAS and 28 mild infections) were included in the microbiological study: emm typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and sequencing for core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), resistome, and virulome analysis. Clinical data were available from 93 cases and 21 controls. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical syndrome (41/93; 44.1%), followed by deep tissue abscesses (23/93; 24.7%), and osteoarticular infections (11/93; 11.8%). Forty-six of 93 cases (49.5%) required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. iGAS isolates mainly belonged to emm 1 and emm 12; emm 12 predominated in 2022 but was surpassed by emm 1 in 2023. Spread of M1 UK sublineage (28/64 M1 isolates) was communicated for the first time in Spain, but it did not replace the still predominant sublineage M1 global (36/64). Furthermore, a difference in emm types compared with the mild cases was observed with predominance of emm 1, but also important representativeness of emm 12 and emm 89 isolates. Pneumonia, the most frequent and severe iGAS diagnosed, was associated with the spe A gene, while the ssa superantigen was associated with milder cases. iGAS isolates were mainly susceptible to antimicrobials. cgMLST showed five major clusters: ST28-ST1357/ emm 1, ST36-ST425/ emm 12, ST242/ emm 12.37, ST39/ emm 4, and ST101-ST1295/ emm 89 isolates. Importance: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a common bacterial pathogen in the pediatric population. In the last months of 2022, an unusual increase in GAS infections was detected in various countries. Certain strains were overrepresented, although the cause of this raise is not clear. In Spain, a significant increase in mild and severe cases was also observed; this study evaluates the clinical characteristics and the strains involved in both scenarios. Our study showed that the increase in incidence did not correlate with an increase in resistance or with an emm types shift. However, there seemed to be a rise in severity, partly related to a greater rate of pneumonia cases. These findings suggest a general increase in iGAS that highlights the need for surveillance. The introduction of whole genome sequencing in the diagnosis and surveillance of iGAS may improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and clones, facilitating its control and personalized treatment. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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