Strobilurin fungicide increases the susceptibility of amphibian larvae to trematode infections.

Autor: Hopkins AP; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States. Electronic address: hopkin59@purdue.edu., Hoverman JT; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Aquat Toxicol] 2024 Apr; Vol. 269, pp. 106864. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106864
Abstrakt: The global rise in fungal pathogens has driven the increased usage of fungicides, yet our understanding of their ecotoxicity remains largely limited to acute toxicity. While such data is critical for projecting the risk of fungicide exposure to individual species, the contamination of natural systems with fungicides also has the potential to alter species interactions within communities including host-parasite relationships. We examined the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the susceptibility of larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to trematode (echinostome) infections using a controlled laboratory experiment. Following a 2-wk exposure to 0, 1.0, 5.2, or 8.4 µg/L of pyraclostrobin, tadpoles were then exposed to parasites either in the 1) presence (continued/simultaneous exposure) or 2) absence (fungicide-free water) of pyraclostrobin. We found that when exposed to pyraclostrobin during parasite exposure, meta cercariae counts increased 4 to 8 times compared to control tadpoles. Additionally, parasite loads were approximately 2 times higher in tadpoles with continued fungicide exposures compared to tadpoles that were moved to fresh water following fungicide exposure. This research demonstrates that fungicides at environmentally relevant concentrations can indirectly alter host-parasite interactions, which could elevate disease risk. It also underscores the need for studies that expand beyond traditional toxicity experiments to assess the potential community and ecosystem-level implications of environmental contaminants.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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