Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals.

Autor: Galeota E; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Bevilacqua V; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Gobbini A; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Gruarin P; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Bombaci M; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Pesce E; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Favalli A; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, Dottorato in Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy., Lombardi A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy., Vincenti F; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Ongaro J; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Fabbris T; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Curti S; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Martinovic M; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Toccafondi M; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Lorenzo M; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Critelli A; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Clemente F; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Crosti M; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Sarnicola ML; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Martinelli M; CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy., La Sala L; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20138, Italy., Espadas A; Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy., Donnici L; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy., Borghi MO; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy., De Feo T; Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy., De Francesco R; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Prati D; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy., Meroni PL; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy., Notarbartolo S; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy., Geginat J; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Gori A; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale 'Luigi Sacco', Milan, Italy., Bandera A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy., Abrignani S; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Grifantini R; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: grifantini@ingm.org.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) [Clin Immunol] 2024 Apr; Vol. 261, pp. 110164. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 28.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164
Abstrakt: Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Author Renata Grifantini is currently employed by CheckmAb Srl. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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